1. Chaitheadh sé stad idir gach aon dó nó trí fhocalaibh le tocht feirge.

I thought this may be the same thing as before, where "fhocalaibh" stands for "dhe fhocalaibh", but I wanted to check it was nothing to do with focalaibh being governed by idir? I think it just means "dó nó trí dhe fhocalaibh".

2. Duairt daoine ná raibh aon bhrí leis na ráflaíbh sin. Duairt daoine eile go raibh agus gach aon bhrí leo, agus go neosfadh an aimsir go raibh brí leo.

It is the "go raibh AGUS gach aon bhrí" that I am focusing on. Would this be a pleonastic usage under section 5 under agus in Ó Dónaill's dictionary. [I have stopped calling it Dónall's dictionary, which is wrong!]

3. Do cuireadh síos a chómharthaí go léir inti, a dhriuch agus a dhealramh, a aos de réir tuairim, a théagar agus a aoirde agus dath a ghruaige.

De réir tuairim, and not de réir tuairime - I suppose it is possible this noun is masculine in some varieties of Irish, but this took me back.

4. Cúpla buille chasúr.

A couple of hammer blows. But I was expecting buille casúir/casúrach. Does anyone have a deeper understanding? An bhfuil tuiscint níos doimhne ag aon duine air?

5. Ní mór dhom an chailís a thabhairt chút, a ríogan, chomh luath agus d’fhéadfad é, agus ansan bheith ag faire chúm.

I always find "faire chun" a little awkward to grasp in context. the text is Amhlaoibh is stealing a golden chalice for the Viking Queen of Brian Ború. Is he saying "I'll bring you the chalice and then I'll have to watch out for my life?"

6. Do phóg sí go dlúth é.

Would "passionately" be an appropriate translation here? Any passionate kissers on the board?

7. Bhí sé ró-oscailte, róghealgháiriteach, rómhacánta ina fhéachaint.

Ina fhéachaint - in his appearance? Or "he appeared to be too honest"? What's the best translation?

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I think it just means "dó nó trí dhe fhocalaibh".

Yes. This is common in CD. The preposition undergoes the following changes: de > dhe > 'e > 0, following a vowel.

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It is the "go raibh AGUS gach aon bhrí" that I am focusing on. Would this be a pleonastic usage under section 5 under agus in Ó Dónaill's dictionary. [I have stopped calling it Dónall's dictionary, which is wrong!]

Yes. It's a common construction used for emphasis. You would translate it as "Others stated emphatically that indeed there was (a basis in fact for the rumours)". The use of "gach aon" is also used commonly in expression such as "bhí gach aon tritheamh gairí as", "bhí gach aon liú astu". You would translate this as "they were shouting ever so loudly and continously".

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De réir tuairim, and not de réir tuairime - I suppose it is possible this noun is masculine in some varieties of Irish, but this took me back.

Perhaps or has a masculine genitive in this particular expression.

Just to add that in another post you claimed that the variants given between brackets by Ó Dónaill are part of the CO. They are'nt! Only the headwords are considered to be the standard forms.

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A couple of hammer blows. But I was expecting buille casúir/casúrach. Does anyone have a deeper understanding? An bhfuil tuiscint níos doimhne ag aon duine air?

See my first point above. de > dhe > 'e > 0 after a vowel. Both Ó Sé and Ua Súilleabháin mention this. "Buille thuaigh" is the example given by Ua Súilleabháin if I remember correctly.

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I always find "faire chun" a little awkward to grasp in context. the text is Amhlaoibh is stealing a golden chalice for the Viking Queen of Brian Ború. Is he saying "I'll bring you the chalice and then I'll have to watch out for my life?"

Perhaps or "watch my back". It may actually mean "watch out for anyone approaching me", i.e. the fear of being caught, that's the impression I get as he's not saying "faire orm féin".

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Would "passionately" be an appropriate translation here? Any passionate kissers on the board?

Yes. Ó Dónaill: dlúth 2, 3. Intense, earnest.

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7. Bhí sé ró-oscailte, róghealgháiriteach, rómhacánta ina fhéachaint.

Literally, "in his look", i.e. he appeared to be too jolly, etc. Macánta often means harmless, mild-mannered in CD.

I would have said that 2. was emphasis rather than pleonasm.

5. I think so.

6. Yes.

7. In his appearance.

But that seems awkward in English.

Perhaps "His appearance was too open, too smiling, too honest..."

Go raibh maith agaibh go léir as so - tá a lán rudaí á bhfoghlaim agam anso!

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Just to add that in another post you claimed that the variants given between brackets by Ó Dónaill are part of the CO. They are'nt! Only the headwords are considered to be the standard forms.

I don't recall saying this - although I do remember someone else saying that (I think Lughaidh or Róman have said this). I know that the variants are not part of the CO, and when I look up a word I have found in PUL and see it is only a "variant", I assume that the CO form is different. To give a specific example, I looked up "comaoine", "favour" recently, and saw that the CO has "comaoin", and this forms the basis for the statement in my online dictionary that "comaoin" is CO, and is crossreferenced to the West Muskerry form, "comaoine". I am trying to list all CO versions of Muskerry words in my dictionary, so that the learner of Cork Irish can look up the CO form and be taken to the Muskerry form. The listing of something as a "variant" in Ó Dónaill's dictionary is the basis for this, but I need to be careful, as some of the CO forms are used alongside the variants (PUl has comaoine AND comaoin in various passages)...

With your help, I have managed to finish chapter 21 (of 59) of Niamh - and the first 21 chapters form the first "book". Niamh is divided into three books. It is a thrill to read!

Another example is spriocadh vs. spreagaim.

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Arbh fhéidir go mbeadh sé de mhífhoirtiún air go spriocfadh an t-áibhirseoir é agus go ndéanfadh se a leithéid de ghníomh?

Firstly, I notice mífhoirtiún in PUL's works and not mífhortún, and so I assume the -rt- is slender in Muskerry. then I noticed the use of spriocfadh and not spreagfadh.

Spriocaim means "fix/arrange" in the CO, and spreagaim means "inspire", but here PUL uses spriocaim to mean "inspire". But he also uses spreagaim elsewhere to mean "inspire", so the relationship between dialectal words and the CO words is not one-to-one, it is one-to-many or many-to-many...

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Just to add that in another post you claimed that the variants given between brackets by Ó Dónaill are part of the CO. They are'nt! Only the headwords are considered to be the standard forms.

That isn't what my old teacher said (and he is a specialist of the CO). And is it written somewhere, by the way?

I believe it is stated clearly in the introduction.

Certainly it explains where to find variants - in the entry unless the spelling is significantly different, otherwise in there alphabetical order.

This is what Ó Dónaill actually says:

"Is iad na foirmeacha caighdeánacha atá ar na focail a bhfuil míniú ag gabháil leo. Tá na foirmeacha sin bunaithe ar na rialacha a leagadh síos sa leabhrán Gramadach na Gaeilge agus Litriú na Gaeilge: An Caighdeán Oifigiúil (B.Á.C. 1958-60)"

So the standard forms are those for which a definition is given and whose spelling is governed by the CO. It therefore follows from that, that all other forms, including variants are NON-STANDARD forms.

"Chomh maith leis na foirmeacha caighdeánacha cuireadh isteach foirmeacha malartacha atá coitianta sa teanga, mar leanas:" (page vii)

So, the variant forms are IN ADDITION TO the standard forms, i.e. the variant forms are not considered the standard forms.

"I gcás go raibh níos mó ná trí cheannfhocal ag teacht in ord aibítre idir an fhoirm chaighdeánach agus an fhoirm mhalartach, rinneadh ceannfhocal ar leith den fhoirm mhalartach agus cuireadh crostagairt don cheannfhocal caighdeánach léi" (page vii)

Again, a clear distinction is made between the standard forms and the variant forms.

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Spriocaim means "fix/arrange" in the CO, and spreagaim means "inspire", but here PUL uses spriocaim to mean "inspire". But he also uses spreagaim elsewhere to mean "inspire", so the relationship between dialectal words and the CO words is not one-to-one, it is one-to-many or many-to-many...

I had never thought of "spreag" and "sprioc" being connected but now that you mention it, you could well be on to something.

That brings another form to mind - spriogaigh, a variant form in Dún Chaoin which I always assumed had evolved out of spreag. Dáithí Ó Luineacháin gives it in his glossary from An Com and defines it as "incite". "Ná bí á spriogú, don't be driving him crazy". (Cnuasach Focal ó gCom, lch 89).

Apologies to David for misquoting him about Ó Dónaill and the variant forms.

maybe ná bí á spriogú means "don't get him going"

In case you're interested in the development of these words in Galway Irish, it looks like there's one form 'spriog' corresponding to the CO noun 'sprioc', the CO verb 'sprioc', and the CO verb 'spreag' in Carna Irish; 'sprug' is also mentioned in FFG as the Cois Fhairrge equivalent to the CO 'spreag'; and Mionlach seems to have used 'spreach' for the CO verb 'spreag' and 'sprioga' corresponds to the CO noun 'sprioc'. There's also 'spriogáil' in Carna, coexisting with 'spriog' corresp. to the CO verb 'sprioc'.

'Ná bí gá spriogadh!' could also be 'do not offend, anger him', according to IOA.

(Message edited by peter on December 02, 2010)