I just covered this for Curious Finn in the "Questions on pronunciation" thread:
quote:Look a little more closely. Half the days wear their Latin origins like a badge. Cf.
Dé Domhnaigh ~ DIES DOMINICA
Dé Luain ~ DIES LUNAE
Dé Máirt ~ DIES MARTIS
Dé Sathairn ~ DIES SATURNI
The other half are derived from aoin "fast". Wednesday is the "first fast" (céad aoin), Friday is just "day of fasting" (Dé hAoine) and Thursday is the "day between two fasts" (dé idir dhá aoin -> Déardaoin).
Perhaps Dennis or someone can provide the earliest attested forms.